nginx+uwsgi+python环境搭建

2013-06-30 TECH config Nginx python uwsgi uwsgi manage shell script

uWSGI

参考资料：

http://amix.dk/blog/post/19689

http://toomuchdata.com/2012/06/25/how-to-install-python-2-7-3-on-centos-6-2/

一、安装python2.7

现在基本上所有的*nix系统都自带python，但版本比较老，比如Centos6.4 自带的为pyton2.6

你可以选择先卸载旧版本再安装新版本最简单

centos下不删除旧版情况下安装新版python2.7：

yum groupinstall "Development tools"
yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel

cd ~
wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.3/Python-2.7.3.tar.bz2
tar xf Python-2.7.3.tar.bz2
cd Python-2.7.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make altinstall

二、安装python包管理和常用包

easy_install: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute

cd ~
wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.35.tar.gz
tar xf distribute-0.6.35.tar.gz
cd distribute-0.6.35
python2.7 setup.py install
easy_install --version

virtualenv: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv
直接通过easy_install安装，virtual + env 顾名思义，主要帮助我们管理多个网站时的包依赖，让各个网站相互独立

easy_install virtualenv
virtualenv --version

pip: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip
安装pip的好处是可以pip list、pip uninstall 管理python包， easy_install没有这个功能，只有uninstall

easy_install pip
pip --version
pip list

uwsgi: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uWSGI
uwsgi参数详解：http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Options.html

pip install uwsgi
pip list
uwsgi --version

三、nginx配置
我定义了upstream主要是为以后服务器扩展做准备，如果你不需要的话下面的 uwsgi_pass 直接写ip端口即可
另外需注意 UWSGI_SCRIPT 根据自己的实际情况修改，比如django为django.wsgi

upstream uwsgi_host {
    server 127.0.0.1:9090;
}

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    root         /home/wwwroot/python_dev;
    location / {
        include uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass uwsgi_host;
        uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT index;
        uwsgi_param UWSGI_PYHOME $document_root;
        uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR  $document_root;
   }
   access_log off;
}

四、uwsgi配置
本例为多网站vhost模式，采用yaml格式，你可以自己根据的情况修改
uwsgi参数详解：http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Options.html
使用这个配置的时候注意把后面的注释去掉

uwsgi:
  socket: 127.0.0.1:9090
  master: true        //主进程
  vhost: true         //多站模式
  no-site: true       //多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件
  vacuum: true        //退出、重启时清理文件
  gid: www            //uwsgi启动 用户组
  uid: www            //uwsgi启动 用户
  workers: 10         //子进程数
  max-requests: 1000  //处理都少请求后重启子进程
  limit-as: 512       //内存限制
  pidfile: /var/run/uwsgi.pid     //uwsgi pid文件用于: --reload --stop
  daemonize: /home/wwwlogs/uwsgi.log  //日志文件

五、hello world
存为index.py 对应nginx配置用 “UWSGI_SCRIPT index;” 部分

def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return "Hello World"

nginx加载网站配置、启动uwsgi

serice nginx reload
uwsgi /etc/uwsgi.yaml

这时你打开 http://localhost/ 或者 http://localhost:9090/ 都会看到已经正常工作了

日志文件我的uwsgi.yaml中指定的 /home/wwwlogs/uwsgi.log，如果遇到错误，你可以查看日志文件逐个修复

六、防火墙与uwsgi管理

如果在第五步中提示ip、端口无法使用多半是防火墙的原因
iptables给localhost 9090端口访问权限即可

一个uwsgi的服务脚本，在lnmp nginx脚本上直接改的，支持stop start reload，但还没实现gracefull restart操作，小型应用完全没问题

#! /bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 55 25
# Description: Startup script for uwsgi webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and
# run 'update-rc.d -f uwsgi defaults', or use the appropriate command on your
# distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add uwsgi'

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          uwsgi
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:     $all
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the uwsgi web server
# Description:       starts uwsgi using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO

# Author:   licess
# website:  http://lnmp.org

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DESC="uwsgi daemon"
NAME=uwsgi
DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi
CONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.yaml
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

set -e
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0

do_start() {
    $DAEMON $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "uwsgi already running"
}

do_stop() {
    $DAEMON --stop $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi not running"
    rm -f $PIDFILE
    echo "$DAEMON STOPED."
}

do_reload() {
    $DAEMON --reload $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"
}

do_status() {
    ps aux|grep $DAEMON
}

case "$1" in
 status)
    echo -en "Status $NAME: \n"
    do_status
 ;;
 start)
    echo -en "Starting $NAME: \n"
    do_start
 ;;
 stop)
    echo -en "Stopping $NAME: \n"
    do_stop
 ;;
 reload|graceful)
    echo -en "Reloading $NAME: \n"
    do_reload
 ;;
 *)
    echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2
    exit 3
 ;;
esac

exit 0

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